pdftract

pdftract is a pure-Rust PDF text extraction library built for the cases where other tools give up: scanned documents, unusual font encodings, multi-column layouts, footnotes, mixed-mode pages, and encrypted files. Where most extractors treat PDF text extraction as a coordinate sort, pdftract runs a full reading-order pipeline — segmenting layout regions, recovering broken font encodings, routing each page to the right extraction mode (vector, OCR, or hybrid), and emitting structured JSON with per-span provenance. If your PDFs are academic papers, legal filings, financial reports, or anything else that wasn't typeset in a word processor, pdftract is what you want.

How it compares

Capability	pdftract	pdfplumber	pypdf	pdfminer
Multi-column reading order	✅ Full layout segmentation	⚠ Heuristic	❌	⚠ Partial
Footnotes & sidebars	✅	❌	❌	❌
Font encoding recovery	✅ Glyph name → fingerprint → shape	⚠ ToUnicode only	⚠ ToUnicode only	⚠ ToUnicode only
Scanned / mixed PDF (OCR)	✅ Per-page hybrid routing	❌	❌	❌
PDF/UA structure tree	✅	❌	⚠ Partial	❌
PDF decryption (RC4/AES)	✅ (decrypt feature)	⚠ Partial	⚠ Partial	⚠ Partial
Per-span bounding boxes + confidence	✅	✅	❌	⚠ Partial
Streaming extraction (large files)	✅	❌	❌	❌
CJK scripts	✅ (cjk feature)	⚠	⚠	⚠
HTTP microservice mode	✅ (serve)	❌	❌	❌
Language	Rust + Python + C ABI	Python	Python	Python

Platform Support

Platform	Status
Linux x86_64	Fully CI-tested on every PR
Linux aarch64	Fully CI-tested on every PR
macOS x86_64	Build-tested; manually smoke-tested per release
macOS aarch64	Build-tested; manually smoke-tested per release
Windows x86_64	Build-tested; manually smoke-tested per release

See docs/operations/manual-platform-smoke.md for the per-release smoke procedure.

Installation

Minimum Supported Rust Version (MSRV): 1.78

Cargo

cargo add pdftract-core

Or install the CLI:

cargo install pdftract

pip

pip install pdftract

Docker

docker pull ronaldraygun/pdftract:latest

Homebrew

brew install pdftract

Quickstart

Rust

use pdftract_core::{extract_pdf, ExtractionOptions};

let opts = ExtractionOptions::default();
let doc = extract_pdf("report.pdf", &opts)?;

for page in &doc.pages {
    println!("Page {}: {} spans", page.number, page.spans.len());
}

Streaming extraction for large files:

use pdftract_core::extract_pdf_streaming;

for page in extract_pdf_streaming("large.pdf", &opts)? {
    let page = page?;
    process(page);
}

NDJSON output (one JSON object per page on stdout):

pdftract_core::extract_pdf_ndjson("report.pdf", &opts, std::io::stdout())?;

Python

import pdftract

doc = pdftract.extract("report.pdf")
print(f"{doc['metadata']['page_count']} pages")

for page in doc["pages"]:
    for span in page["spans"]:
        print(span["text"], span["bbox"], span["confidence"])

CLI

# Extract to JSON
pdftract extract report.pdf --json output.json

# Plain text to stdout
pdftract extract report.pdf --text -

# Markdown output
pdftract extract report.pdf --markdown -

# Run as an HTTP microservice (POST /extract, GET /health)
pdftract serve --port 8080

# Compare two PDFs structurally
pdftract compare original.pdf revised.pdf

# Interactive page inspector
pdftract inspect report.pdf --page 3

# Diagnose extraction problems on a file
pdftract doctor report.pdf

# Validate PDF/UA or PDF/A conformance
pdftract validate report.pdf

# Stable content hash (for dedup / cache keys)
pdftract hash report.pdf

# Search for a pattern across pages
pdftract grep "invoice number" report.pdf

# Print page count and dimensions
pdftract pages report.pdf

# Classify each page (vector / scanned / mixed)
pdftract classify report.pdf

# Manage the local extraction cache
pdftract cache --list
pdftract cache --clear

# Migrate the local cache schema
pdftract migrate

# Verify a previously issued extraction receipt
pdftract verify-receipt receipt.json

# Generate client bindings from the C ABI headers
pdftract codegen --lang python

# Start the MCP (Model Context Protocol) server
pdftract mcp

Features

All extraction functionality works out of the box. Optional features unlock heavier dependencies:

Feature	What it adds	Enable with
ocr	Tesseract/Leptonica OCR for scanned and mixed pages	cargo add pdftract-core --features ocr
decrypt	RC4, AES-128, AES-256 PDF decryption	cargo add pdftract-core --features decrypt
cjk	CJK script support (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)	cargo add pdftract-core --features cjk
full-render	Full-page rasterization for assisted OCR and inspect UI	cargo add pdftract-core --features full-render

In the Python wheel and Docker image, ocr, decrypt, and cjk are pre-enabled.

What it does

Correct reading order. Most PDF extractors sort glyphs by Y then X coordinate. That breaks on multi-column articles, legal documents with sidebars, academic papers with footnotes, and anything typeset in a non-linear flow. pdftract segments each page into layout regions first, orders the regions, then emits text within each region — so the output reads the way a human would.

Font encoding recovery. PDFs can legally omit ToUnicode CMaps and describe only glyph IDs. When that happens, other extractors emit garbage or question marks. pdftract works through a layered recovery pipeline: glyph name lookup (standard and Adobe glyph lists), font fingerprinting against a known-font database, and finally glyph outline shape matching. Most documents that trip up other tools extract cleanly.

Per-page hybrid routing. Each page is independently classified as vector text, fully scanned (image-only), or mixed. Vector pages go through the fast extraction path. Scanned pages go to full OCR. Mixed pages use assisted OCR — vector spans anchor the OCR so it doesn't drift. This means one call handles an entire document regardless of how it was produced.

Structure tree extraction. PDF/UA and PDF/A files carry a logical structure tree (headings, paragraphs, tables, lists) separate from the visual rendering. pdftract reads this directly when present, so accessible PDFs yield structured output without heuristics.

Structured output with provenance. The primary output format is JSON. Every text span carries its bounding box, font name, point size, and a confidence score. This makes pdftract suitable as a preprocessing step for LLM pipelines, document indexing, and data extraction workflows that need to trace output back to the source page.

Streaming extraction. For large files, extract_pdf_streaming yields one page at a time so memory usage stays bounded regardless of document length.

Available SDKs

pdftract ships multiple integration surfaces from a single Rust core:

SDK	Package	Notes
Rust library	pdftract-core on crates.io	Primary API
CLI binary	pdftract on crates.io	Wraps the library
Python bindings	pdftract on PyPI	PyO3-based, wheels for Linux/macOS/Windows
C shared library	libpdftract	Stable C ABI; use pdftract codegen to generate FFI headers for your language
Docker image	ronaldraygun/pdftract	Includes serve mode HTTP microservice
HTTP microservice	pdftract serve	REST API for language-agnostic integration

Additional language SDK packages (Go, Node.js, Ruby) are in progress, built on top of the C ABI.

Documentation

• User guide: pdftract.com
• API reference: docs.rs/pdftract-core
• Extraction output schema: docs/research/extraction-output-schema.md
• SDK architecture: docs/notes/sdk-architecture.md
• Changelog: CHANGELOG.md
• Contributing: CONTRIBUTING.md
• Security policy: SECURITY.md
• Releases: GitHub Releases

License

Licensed under either of:

• MIT License (LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
• Apache License, Version 2.0 (LICENSE-APACHE or https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)

at your option.